{"id":1582,"date":"2023-02-22T18:37:39","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T18:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scivetim.eu\/?page_id=1582"},"modified":"2023-02-22T18:43:14","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T18:43:14","slug":"regulacni-uloha-aktivovaneho-cd4-th-lymfocytu-v-prubehu-imunitni-reakce-na-informaci-o-nebezpeci","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/proboostnow.eu\/en_us\/regulacni-uloha-aktivovaneho-cd4-th-lymfocytu-v-prubehu-imunitni-reakce-na-informaci-o-nebezpeci\/","title":{"rendered":"Regula\u010dn\u00ed \u00faloha aktivovan\u00e9ho CD4+ Th lymfocytu v pr\u016fb\u011bhu imunitn\u00ed reakce na informaci o nebezpe\u010d\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Regula\u010dn\u00ed \u00faloha aktivovan\u00e9ho CD4+ Th lymfocytu v pr\u016fb\u011bhu imunitn\u00ed reakce na informaci o nebezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/h3>\n

\u201c\u2026 <\/span>Bu\u0148kami zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e1 imunita za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee ve sp\u00e1dov\u00fdch lymfatick\u00fdch uzlin\u00e1ch \u010dekaj\u00edc\u00ed pomocn\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>CD4+Th lymfocyty rozpoznaj\u00ed sv\u00fdm T-bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdm receptorem ciz\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u00falomky b\u00edlkovin<\/span><\/span><\/span>, kter\u00e9 jim na pozad\u00ed transplanta\u010dn\u00edch antigen\u016f p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed dendritick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a za\u010dnou jednat. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se rychle\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>namno\u017e\u00ed<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, aby jich pro zdol\u00e1n\u00ed infekce bylo dostate\u010dn\u011b velik\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u011b dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed z krve pomoc\u00ed cytokin\u016f a chemokin\u016f, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 krvinky v m\u00edst\u011b infekce, podrobnou informaci, kde a o jakou infekci jde. Na toto pozn\u00e1n\u00ed reaguj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee sp\u00e1dov\u00e9 lymfatick\u00e9 uzliny urychlen\u011b opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed, putuj\u00ed t\u011blem a hromad\u00ed se v m\u00edst\u011b hroz\u00edc\u00edho nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Tady se pod vlivem m\u00edstn\u00edch tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch danou infekc\u00ed,<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0pomocn\u00e9 CD4+ T lymfocyty funk\u010dn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed, d\u00e1le dosp\u00edvaj\u00ed a z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed schopnosti a s nimi i nov\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 znaky.\u00a0St\u00e1vaj\u00ed se z nich CD4+ T 1, CD4+ T2 nebo CD4+ T 17 a regula\u010dn\u00ed CD4+ Treg lymfocyty. Tato funk\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bna jim zabere i n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd typ Th pomocn\u00fdch bun\u011bk z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak\u00fd cizorod\u00fd materi\u00e1l imunitn\u00ed reakci nastartoval. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed slovo maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 regula\u010dn\u00ed CD4+Treg. U lid\u00ed je obecn\u011b virov\u00e1 nebo bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed infekce doprov\u00e1zena vznikem proz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch CD4+ Th1 lymfocyt\u016f a uvoln\u011bn\u00edm interferonu gama (IFN-y), interleukinu 12 (IL-12) a produkc\u00ed protil\u00e1tek typu IgM a pozd\u011bji IgG. Parazit\u00e1rn\u00ed infekce a infekce \u010dervy up\u0159ednost\u0148uje vznik protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch CD4+ Th2 lymfocyt\u016f a produkci interleukinu 4 (IL-4), interleukinu 5 (IL-5) a interleukinu 13 (IL-13) a tvorbu protil\u00e1tek t\u0159\u00edd IgM, IgG a IgE. Posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00fd imunoglobulin je sice \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed parazit\u016f a \u010derv\u016f, ale stoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 za probl\u00e9my spojen\u00fdmi s alergick\u00fdmi reakcemi. Infekce pl\u00edsn\u011bmi b\u00fdv\u00e1 doprov\u00e1zena vznikem CD4+ Th17 lymfocyt\u016f a uvoln\u011bn\u00edm interleukinu 17 (IL-17) a interleukinu 22 (IL-22). \u00da\u010delem v\u0161ech t\u011bchto r\u016fznorod\u00fdch aktivit je podpora vzniku akutn\u00edho z\u00e1n\u011btu po setk\u00e1n\u00ed se \u0161kodliv\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem a jeho co nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161emi dostupn\u00fdmi, pom\u011brn\u011b rozmanit\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky\u2026.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B. \u0158\u00edhov\u00e1, M. \u0160\u0165astn\u00fd: \u201cJak se d\u011bl\u00e1 imunita<\/strong>\u201c, CPress v Brn\u011b 2021<\/span><\/p>\n

Spolu s CD4+ vycestuj\u00ed z uzlin i CD8+Tc lymfocyty<\/span><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Ty dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0jednak s pomoc\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed z prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jednak\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>po stimulaci CD4+ lymfocyty<\/span><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0Teprve tehdy jsou schopn\u00e9 zab\u00edt bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 jsou napadeny viry. Aby nedo\u0161lo p\u0159i pohlcen\u00ed pouze k p\u0159enosu infekce z jedn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky do druh\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jinou strategii. K napaden\u00e9 bu\u0148ce se t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b do n\u00ed b\u011bhem sekund vypust\u00ed agresivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky \u2013 granzymy, kter\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dnou bu\u0148ku rozpust\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pod vlivem cytokinu\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>TGF-\u03b2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00a0dojde v naivn\u00edch CD4+ bu\u0148k\u00e1ch indukci exprese FOXP3 a tak prob\u011bhne konverze na\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>indukovan\u00e9 regula\u010dn\u00ed T lymfocyty<\/span><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0Do skupiny indukovan\u00fdch regula\u010dn\u00edch T lymfocyt\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed podskupina\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Tr1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00a0charakterizovan\u00e1 velkou produkc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>IL-10<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00a0a podskupina\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Th3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>, kter\u00e1 produkuje\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>TGF-\u03b2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Tato skupina CD4+ lymfocyt\u016f kontroluje autoreaktivn\u00ed lymfocyty, tedy ty, kter\u00e9 unikly selekci v brzl\u00edku a vykazuj\u00ed patologickou afinitu k vlastn\u00edm tk\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bla.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Regula\u010dn\u00ed T lymfocyty<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0tak vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou \u00falohu p\u0159i p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed autoimunitn\u00edm proces\u016fm jako druh\u00fd stupe\u0148 kontroly.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I B lymfocyty, kter\u00e9 jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za tvorbu protil\u00e1tek \u010dekaj\u00ed na sign\u00e1l od CD4+Th lymfocyt\u016f.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Teprve potom vyzr\u00e1vaj\u00ed a m\u011bn\u00ed se na bu\u0148ky produkuj\u00edc\u00ed protil\u00e1tky, tzv. imunoglobuliny. Protil\u00e1tky v podstat\u011b obal\u00ed bakterii nebo ciz\u00ed partikuli a t\u00edm usnadn\u00ed jej\u00ed pohlcen\u00ed fagocytuj\u00edc\u00edmi bu\u0148kami. Pro ty je takto l\u00e9pe \u201cstraviteln\u00e1\u201d a po jej\u00edm pohlcen\u00ed ji rozl\u00e1mou na men\u0161\u00ed kousky a spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed na svou v\u00fd\u017eivu. Kdy\u017e je infekce zdol\u00e1na, v\u011bt\u0161ina T a B bun\u011bk um\u00edr\u00e1. Z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ale ty pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 zajist\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edm kontaktu se stejn\u00fdm patogenem je reakce okam\u017eit\u00e1 a mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a tak zabr\u00e1n\u00ed rozvinut\u00ed nemoci je\u0161t\u011b v z\u00e1rodku. Na tomto principu funguje i o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\n